Othello Study Guide Questions Essay

1.Describe the sensory details of the opening scene: sights, sounds, smells, etc. The opening scene takes place during the night in a street in Venice. Iago and Roderigo are loudly conversing with each other. 2.Why do Iago and Roderigo wake up Brabantio? Why is Brabantio angry? Why does Iago slip quietly away once Brabantio comes down? Iago and Roderigo wake up Brabantio to spoil his happiness by telling him the Desdemona ran off with Othello. Brabantio is originally angry because he had told them not to come around him house, but is even more angry when he finds out that Desdemona is missing. Iago quietly slips away because he doesn’t want anybody to know that he isn’t loyal to Othello. 3.Explain the relationship between Iago and Roderigo. Who seems to be ‘in control’. Explain your first reaction to each of these characters. Iago is paid to help Roderigo win Desdemona’s hand in marriage, and both of them seem angry and unkind. The main difference is that Iago appears to be in charge and the mastermind behind everything while Roderigo is his puppet who carries the plan out. 4.Explain why Iago says he needs to get revenge on Othello. Do you think he is justified? Why is the need for revenge so powerful, and for that matter, such a popular topic of modern music/movies? Iago wants to get revenge on Othello because he gave the lieutenant position to Michael Cassio, a less experienced man. He has a right to be upset, but he shouldn’t get revenge on Othello. Revenge (in books and movies) is often motivation the antagonist and a main element on why characters do what they do. 5.How does Iago act when Desdemona’s father appears at the window? Why does it take so long for Brabantio to figure out what is going on? Why doesn’t Iago just tell him what happened straight out? Iago acts very mysterious and hides in the darkness to conceal his identity. It takes Brabantio a while to figure out what is going on because Iago isn’t clear about it. Iago wants to agitate Brabantio before he tells him about Desdemona so he will be angrier. Scene ii 1.How does Iago lie at the beginning of this scene? Iago went to Othello and acted loyal and nice towards him. 2.Is Othello afraid of Brabantio? Should he be?   Othello is not afraid of Brabantio and doesn’t have to be because he believes that his good qualities and his status in society will protect him. 3.What do you learn about Othello’s background from this scene? How do you learn that information? Othello grew up in many battles, was a slave, and had a very difficult life. We find this out when Othello talks about how he and Desdemona fell in love. 4.Why has the Duke called for Othello? How can you tell that Othello is highly regarded in military circles? The Duke has called for Othello to come to Cyprus for the war. We can tell that Othello is highly regarded in military circles when Cassio said that the senate had sent out 3 search parties to find Othello. 5.Why is Brabantio so against having Othello for a son-in-law? Does he seem to blame his daughter for running off with this man? Would he feel differently if Desi had run off with another man? Brabantio is against having Othello for a son-in-law because of how different he is. He believes that Othello used magic and trickery to get Desdemona to marry him. He probably would feel differently is Desdemona had run off with a different man. Scene iii 1.How does Desdemona respond when Brabantio confronts her? What other approach to the problem could she have taken? Desdemona tells Brabantio that even though she respects him for everything he’s done for her, her loyalty lies with her husband, Othello. She could have told him in private or in the form of a letter. 2.How does the Duke seem to feel about the problem of Desi and Othello? Who do you think he sympathizes with? The Duke feels that Desdemona and Othello love each other, so there is no use in being upset or resentful. He appears to sympathize with Othello. 3.According to Othello, when did Desi and he fall in love? Why do you suppose they kept their love a secret? Does this sort of behavior fit his character as he has been described so far? According to Othello, him and Desdemona fell in love after she heard his war stories at Brabantio’s house. They have kept their love a secret to prevent all the trouble that they are now dealing with. This secretive behavior is different from the rest of his character who appears to be honest and open with his life. 4.Like Othello, Roderigo is in love. Describe the difference between the two lovers. What is it about Roderigo that makes it easy for Iago to manipulate him? Roderigo doesn’t get the women. He is in love, but the feelings aren’t mutual which makes his easier to manipulate. Act 1 Prediction 5. What does Iago plan to convince Othello of at the end of Act I? How do you think he will accomplish this? Iago plans to convince Othello that Cassio is too close to Desdemona. He will probably accomplish this by manipulating people and lying. Act II Scene i 1.Describe the events surounding Othello’s arrival in Cyprrus. Why is Desdemona nervous before he shows up? There was a big storm, which took out the Turks, so there is no war. Desdemona is nervous because Othello is still gone at sea and could have possibly been killed as well. 2.How does Cassio treat Desdemona? Is there anything about this exchange that might help Iago push forward his plan? Cassio is a gentleman towards Desdemona and held her hand. Iago could use this to make it seem like they are too close with one another. 3.What suspicions does Iago have about his own wife? What does this show us about Iago? Iago believes his wife cheated on him with Othello. He doesn’t care about her, and only appears to care because it will bring him personal gain. 4.How can you tell that Cassio is devoted to Othello? Does there seem to be any jealousy or disloyalty there? Cassio turned down going to a party and getting drunk. He respects all of Othello’s decisions and takes responsibility for his own actions. There’s no indication of any jealousy or disloyalty towards Othello. 5.Describe Iago’s feelings towards women and love in general. Iago believes women should just be housewives, and they aren’t worth much. Also, he believes that their physical characteristics are everything. 6.How does Iago manage to convince Roderigo to provoke Cassio to a fight? What is the real reason Iago wants the two to fight? Iago tells Roderigo that Cassio loves Desdemona to provoke a fight. He really wants Roderigo and Cassio to fight so Cassio will lose his job. 7.Why does Iago say of Desdemona â€Å"Now I do love her too†? Desdemona is the perfect pawn in his plan. Scene ii 1.What is the mood of this scene? The mood of scene two is happy and very positive.   2.Why the celebration? How is the celebration going to help Iago? There is a celebration of Desdemona and Othello’s marriage and also because there is no war. The celebration will allow Iago to get Cassio drunk and fight in front of many witnesses. Scene iii 1.Explain how Cassio gets drunk, even though he knows that he can’t hold his liquor. Iago pressures Cassio to drink, even though he knows he shouldn’t. 2.How does Cassio react when Iago starts to discuss Othello and Desi’s sex life? Cassio avoids saying anything crude. All of his comments are respectful, and he doesn’t say anything bad. 3.What do Cassio and Roderigo argue about? How is the governor of Cyprus involved? Roderigo tries to tell Cassio how to do his job and tries to teach him some manners. This agitates Cassio, and when they fight, the governor of Cyprus gets stabbed when he tried to hold Cassio down. 4.What advice does Iago offer to Cassio after he is demoted? How might this advice, which Cassio takes, play right into Iago’s plan? Iago tells Cassio to talk to Desdemona about convincing Othello to give him his position back. This play right into Iago’s plan because he wants Cassio and Desdemona to get close so Othello can walk in on them. 5.Explain how Iago’s plan seems to be progressing †¦ what other events could happen that would play right into Iago’s plan? Any other drama with Cassio regarding his reputation would help with the plan. Also, if Desdemona were to do anything and keep it from Othello, Iago could use that against her. Act III Scene i 1.What is the setting of this scene? What is the mood? Scene I begins in an entryway in the castle. The mood is serious, although the clown attempts to provide comic relief. 2.How does Iago get Dedemona and Cassio together? Iago uses Emilia to get Desdemona and Cassio together. Cassio talks to Emilia first, who is Desdemona’s lady in waiting so he can talk to Desdemona privately. 3.What is ironic about Iago’s comment to Cassio that he will â€Å"devise a means to draw the Moo/out of the way, that your converse and business/ May be more free†? Iago has already formed the plan to manipulate Othello except that he and the audience knows that it won’t work out in the way Cassio intended. 4.How does Cassio know that Desdemona has already spoken to Othello in his behalf? What do you think he arranges to meet Desdemona, then? Emilia tells Cassio that Desdemona is already talking to Othello on his behalf. He seems impatient to get his position back and get back in Othello’s good graces which is probably why he arranges to meet Desdemona. Scene ii 1.How does this scene show you that Othello is a busy man? This scene isolates the characters, and shows that there is other things going on in Othello’s job as he runs errands and has meetings. 2.Why is this a good time for Iago to act? Othello is distracted and stressed out from work. Scene iii 1.Why does Cassio leave Desdemona in such a hurry? Why does Iago point that out to Othello? Cassio leaves Desdemona in a hurry so Othello won’t see him. However, he does notice Cassio, and Iago points out that he appeared to sneak away while looking guilty. 2.Why is Desi so willing to speak up for Cassio? Do you think she goes too far? Cassio was kind to Desdemona, and they were friendly with each other. Also, Cassio talks to Emilia and then Desdemona about his situation. Desdemona agrees to help him, and might have gone too far with Othello by being forceful. She also thinks that she would be helping Othello by reuniting the two friends. 3.When does Othello first begin to doubt Desdemona? Do you think most newly married husbands would be as easy to fool? Othello beings to doubt Desdemona when Iago talks to him about Desdemona and Cassio. Most newly married husbands probably trust their wives but could be easily manipulated in the same way Iago did to Othello. 4.How does Emilia get Desdemona’s handkerchief? Why does she give it to Iago? Do you think Emilia has any suspicions that her husband might be up to no good? Desdemona drops her handkerchief, and Emilia picks it up. She gave it to Iago because he had been asking her to steal for a while. Emilia might have suspected that Iago is up to no good because she asked him if it had a purpose. 5.How does Iago push Othello over the edge in his doubts about Desi’s fidelity? What is the â€Å"clinching† piece of evidence put forth by Iago? What do you think Othello would have done if he discovered that Iago was lying at this point? Iago lies to Othello about Cassio’s actions including a story about Cassio’s dream about Desdemona. The piece of evidence that Iago has is Desdemona’s handkerchief. The handkerchief is so important that Othello finally believes Iago. Othello would probably kill Iago if he figured out that Iago was lying to him. Scene iv 1.How does Emilia respond when Desdemona asks about the handkerchief? What do you suppose she is thinking at this point? Emilia said that she doesn’t know where Desdemona’s handkerchief is. Desdemona is probably worried that this might upset Othello. 2.According to Othello, what is the history behind the handkerchief? Do you think he has revealed this information to Desi before? The handkerchief was given to his mother by a witch and is a symbol of his parents’ love. He probably hasn’t told this to Desdemona before because she questioned the validity of the story. 3.Why is Bianca mad at Cassio? How is her anger like Othello’s? What sort of relationship do Bianca and Cassio have? Bianca is mad at Cassio because she saw the handkerchief that Cassio had and thought it was from a new, secret lover. Othello also believes that the person he loves might be cheating on him. Bianca is Cassio’s mistress. 4.So far, who thinks that the handkerchief is special? Is it really supernatural? Who thinks so? Othello, Iago, and Desdemona think that the handkerchief is special. It is supernatural in the sense that it meant so much and caused trouble in Othello and Desdemona’s relationship. 5.What is Emilia’s opinion of men? How does Desdemona’s opinion differ? Whose side are you on? Emilia believes men are all the same. To her, all men are deceitful, and when they are bored, they throw out their woman and get another. On the other hand, Desdemona believes that there are good men such as Othello and Cassio which I agree with. Act IV Scene i 1.Why does Othello fall unconscious? Othello falls unconscious because he is so angry and upset about Cassio and Desdemona. 2.According to Iago, why is Othello luckier than many other men who have been cuckolded? Do you agree with his reasoning? Would you rather not know if someone had betrayed you? According to Iago, every married man has been cheated on, but Othello is lucky that most because he isn’t in the dark about his wife like most men are. I would want to know if somebody betrayed me. 3.What is Cassio saying to Iago, as Othello stands hidden? What does Othello think he is saying? How is this all part of Iago’s plan? Why do you suppose Othello doesn’t confront Cassio right then? Cassio is talking and laughing about Bianca, but Othello thinks he is talking about Desdemona. This leads Othello to trust Iago even more and to believe that Cassio isn’t a good person. Othello probably doesn’t confront Cassio right then because he wants to talk to Iago about it first. 4.According to Iago, why should Othello strangle Desdemona rather than poison her? What do you think his real reasons are? Iago tells Othello to strangle Desdemona instead of poisoning her to make it more personal by doing it on the bed where she allegedly cheated on Othello. 5.Why do you think Shakespeare has Othello welcome Lodovico to Cyprus with the phrase â€Å"goats and monkeys!† Does Lodovico realize that Othello is upset? The phrase basically means welcome to chaos which is what everything is turning into. Lodovico doesn’t see that Othello is upset and believes that he normally treats Desdemona like that. Scene ii 1.Why does Othello summon Emilia—if he is not going to accept her testimony? Why do you think Emilia didn’t speak up earlier? Part of Othello wants to not believe Iago, wants his mind to be changed, even if it’s not entirely possible. Emilia knows her role as a woman and as Iago’s wife, which is probably why she hasn’t spoken up until now. 2.How does Desi react when Othello calls her a whore? How does she explain his behavior to herself? Are you surprised she doesn’t act differently? Desdemona is very confused and surprised when Othello calls her a whore. She keeps trying to tell him that she hasn’t done anything wrong. She tries to explain it as being her bad luck that is responsible. I am surprised she doesn’t get angry or doesn’t blame it on anybody but herself. 3.How can you tell Desi trusts Iago? Is she being more naive than most women would be about him backbiting? Desdemona trusts Iago because he tries to comfort her. She is probably reacting in the same way most other women would in the same situation. 4.How does Iago plan Cassio’s murder? How does he convince roderigo that Cassio must die? Why do you think he involves Roderigo instead of handling it himself? Iago tells Roderigo to kill Cassio otherwise Othello and Desdemona will leave, and Roderigo will lose his chance. Iago has Roderigo do it in case it backfires, so he won’t get in any trouble himself. Scene iii 1.Why do you think Desi obeys Othello so meekly when he sends her to bed? Do you think she has any suspicions that he intends to hurt her? Desdemona still loves Othello and sees the good in him, so she is as obedient as before. She understands that Othello is angry, but doesn’t know exactly what is going on, so she doesn’t understand the extent of the situation. 2.Has Desi fallen out of love with Othello? Would you? Desdemona has not fallen out of love with Othello. I wouldn’t be able to love my husband in the same way if the same thing had happened to me. 3.How is the story in the â€Å"Willow song† like Desi’s life? The song and the story behind it are both full of sorrow where the woman knows she is dying after her lover left her. This is foreshadowing what is to come for Desdemona. 4.How does Emilia feel about the double standard that applies to men and women? Does Desi agree with her? Emilia feels that cheating is okay because it is the man’s fault that a woman cheats. Desdemona doesn’t agree with her. 5.What does Desi mean when she says, in the closing lines of the scene, â€Å"Good night, Good night. God me such uses send/Not to pick bad from bad, but by bad mend!† Do you agree with that philosophy? She wants to learn by example and not be like them. The philosophy of learning from mistakes that have already been made is good. Act IV Prediction 6. What could possible happen now to make Othello see the error of his ways? Othello and Desdemona could talk to each other, or even Othello and Cassio, and Othello could realize that he is being lied to by Iago. Act V Scene i 1.How is Roderigo killed? Roderigo is first injured by Cassio, but is actually killed by Iago. 2.Why does Othello think that Iago has carried out his promise to kill Cassio? What do you think Othello would have done if he had realized that Cassio was merely wounded? Othello hears Cassio screaming and thinks that Iago carried out his promise to kill Cassio. Othello would probably get angry and kill Cassio himself if he realized that Cassio was merely wounded. 3.How can you tell that Lodovico and Cassio—like most others in the play—think that Iago is honest and courageous? Lodovico and Cassio believe that Iago is honest and courageous because he appears to be coming to the rescue of Cassio and kills Roderigo, the assailant. 4.How does Iago cast suspicion on Bianco for Cassio’s injuries? Why, do you suppose? What do you think Cassio’s reaction to this is? Iago tries to blame Bianca for the entire thing because she had dinner with Cassio. He is just trying to pin things on another inno cent person. Cassio will probably be very angry when he hears about that. 5.How does Emilia react to all this violence? Emilia still sides with Iago and remains faithful to him. Scene ii 1.How can you tell that Othello still loves Desdemona and does not wholly want to kill her—moments before he does? Is there any way that Desdemona could have prevented him from killing her? Do you think she resigned herself to die, in the end? He is very sad and wants Desdemona to die honest and have a short death. Also, he hesitates before killing her, but feels like she has to die. His mind could not be changed, so there was little Desdemona could do to prevent her death at this point. She accepts that she is going to die, and just tries to bargain for more time. 2.Why has Emilia come? Why do you think Desdemona doesn’t tell her the truth before she dies? Emilia has come to tell Othello about the outside battle and misinforms him that Cassio killed Roderigo. Desdemona doesn’t tell her the truth before she dies because she still loves Othello and remains faithful to him. 3.When does Emilia realize that her husband is behind all this? How does she react? Does she feel guilty for her own part in it? When Othello reveals that Iago told him that Desdemona was unfaithful, Emilia realizes that her husband is behind all this. She rats Iago out, and she definitely feels guilt for her own part in it. 4.Why does Iago kill his wife? Do you think he has any regrets about that? Why didn’t anyone stop him? Iago kills his wife because she betrayed him. He appears to stab her cold-blooded. Everybody was probably too surprised and overwhelmed to stop him. 5.How does Othello die? Why does he want to die? Why wasn’t he disarmed? If he hadn’t died, what do you think would have happened to him? Othello kills himself. He wants to die because he realizes what has happened. He wasn’t disarmed because the other people didn’t really know what to do. If he hadn’t died, he probably would have been kicked out of his position and thrown into jail. 6.What will happen to Iago now? How do you think he feels about being caught? What scenarios do you think would have made this ending more satisfying? Iago will probably be jailed and maybe even tortured. He knew that his plan would either work or fail. He chooses to remain quiet about his plan. The ending would probably have been more satisfying and resolved if he had died.

Understanding The Principles Of Developing Postive Relationships With Children, Young People And Adults

Why effective communication is important We are more likely to communicate information to one another if we have positive relationships. Parents and other adults who come into the school are more likely to give beneficial support if communication is strong and effective – this, in turn, benefits pupils. It is also important for pupils that we model effective communication skills. This means checking what we are saying sometimes in moments of stress or excitement, so that they can understand what our expectations are in school.If we ask pupils to behave in a particular way when communicating and then forget to do so ourselves, they will find it harder to understand the boundaries of what is acceptable. Effective communication and positive relationships do not happen by chance. You should think about the way you relate to others and the messages that this sends out. In situations where communication breaks down, misunderstandings can lead to bad feeling.1. 1:2 The principles of relationship buildingThe principles of relationship building with children  and adults in any context are that if others are comfortable in our company, they will be more likely to communicate effectively. Where people do not get along or are suspicious of one another, they are likely to avoid one another wherever possible. Positive relationships are not something which should be left_ to chance and it is important to consider the ways in which we can develop them. We build relationships with others in school on a daily basis in a number of different ways.Although you may do some of these without necessarily thinking  about it, it is worth taking time to consider whether you do all of the following? Effective communication – this is the key area for developing relationships with others and also covers many different forms of communication (see below)? Showing respect – in order to develop positive relationships with others, it is very important to be courteous and respectful, and to listen to their points of view. Adults and pupils with whom you work may also be from different cultures and have different beliefs or values from your own.You  should ensure that you acknowledge and respect the views of others at all times and take time to remember names and preferred forms of address? Being considerate – take the time to consider the positions of others. You may be working with a child or adult who is under particular pressure at a given time and need to understand why they may have behaved or reacted in a certain way or out of character?Remembering issues which are personal to them – it will always help to build positive relationships if you enquire a_er particular aspects  of another person’s life – for example, if you know that a colleague is concerned about their child getting into a particular secondary school, or if you are aware that it is a child’s birthday? Taking time to listen to others – make sure that you take time to listen to other people, in particular if they are asking for advice or help, or if they need to confide in you. You should always show that you are interested in what they have to say and respond appropriately?Being clear on key points – when you have conversations with others in which you are giving  them information, you should always ensure that they are clear what you have said at the end of the discussion. This is because it can be easy to be distracted from the main point of the conversation. When talking to children, always ask them to repeat back to you what they need to do? Maintaining a sense of humour – although the nature of our work in school is important, we should also sometimes take time to see the funny side of different situations. Laughter can be a good icebreaker and is also a great way of relaxing and relieving stress.

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Immigration Law - Essay Example The objection by Steggles Limited in the House of Commons to the incorporation of a proposal by Yarrabee Chicken Company Pty Ltd has a certain modern resonance. This is a gloomy prognosis of the effects of limited liability upon insolvent companies. Steggles appeals against both of those findings. The first question that arises on the appeal is, therefore, the question of construction of clause 7.4(a). The primary judge took into account the language of the clause considered in light of other provisions of the contract, as well as contextual considerations.The nature of the term, which the primary judge had implied into the contract, reflected that against that background, there is, no doubt, a major challenge for the legal adviser in communicating comprehensibly to those who conduct their business, through corporations, large and small, about the law, which those structures lie, created and which regulates their operation. That challenge remained enhanced when corporate structures l ie allied, as they often are, to trust arrangements. On the grounds and case law, which the judges on appeal decide, is that which lies implied in terms of fact. These, however, do not require to give ‘business efficacy’ to the contract as The fact that Steggles was free at all times to determine the number of chicks or the density of the batches to be delivered to the Growers was very much at the heart of the contract. It shows that the contract stood weighted heavily in favor of the commercial interests of Steggles.... The objection by Steggles Limited in the House of Commons to the incorporation of a proposal by Yarrabee Chicken Company Pty Ltd has a certain modern resonance. This is a gloomy prognosis of the effects of limited liability upon insolvent companies. Steggles appeals against both of those findings. The first question that arises on the appeal is therefore the question of construction of clause 7.4(a). The primary judge took into account the language of the clause considered in light of other provisions of the contract, as well as contextual considerations. The nature of the term, which the primary judge had implied into the contract, reflected that against that background, there is, no doubt, a major challenge for the legal adviser in communicating comprehensibly to those who conduct their business, through corporations, large and small, about the law, which those structures lie, created and which regulates their operation. That challenge remained enhanced when corporate structures li e allied, as they often are, to trust arrangements. On the grounds and case law, which the judges on appeal decide, is that which lies implied in terms of fact. These however do not required to give ‘business efficacy’ to the contract as The fact that Steggles was free at all times to determine the number of chicks or the density of the batches to be delivered to the Growers was very much at the heart of the contract. It shows that the contract stood weighted heavily in favor of the commercial interests of Steggles. 3With regard to this implied term issue, it is sufficient in our view to say that the flaws in the Growers’ approach to the construction of cl 7.4 lay revealed in the difficulties, which her Honour discussed, in particular, in

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Sources of capital - Assignment Example Another way through which NFPs raise funds is Grant funding which includes the funds that are awarded to NFPs by the government sector or by organizations that are charitable in nature (Landskroner, 2002). For example World Health Organization may provide a local NGO located in Pakistan with funds for the eradication of poverty in deserving areas of Pakistan. Both For Profit and NFPs can even use Loan financing and equity capital to raise funds for business. Loan financing refers to the money that is borrowed by an organization from another financial organization such as the banks (Zelman, 2009). Equity finance is the capital that is raised by both the organizations by the sale of certain amount of shares of the organization to external investors. Trading or sale of assets is even means through which both kinds of organizations raise capital. Trading is the sale of goods and services in return for money and fixed assets are the assets such as land and furniture that may be sold by or ganizations to raise capital. All these sources have finance have various pros as well as cons associated with them. The main advantage of raising funds through fundraising activities is that the money that is raised does not need to be returned and the organization does not need to provide an account of where and how it was spend. But the downside of this method is that holding fundraising programs is quite expensive. In case of grants, the money does not need to be returned but the not for profit organization has to provide an account of where and how the money was spent. The upside of loan financing is that ample amount of money can be raised at a very small period of time but the loan repayment makes the method expensive. In case of equity, there is an increase in partnership due to which the not for profit organization may lose its sight of working for the wellbeing of others. The problem with trading and sale of fixed assets is that there are certain tax

Social eek 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social eek 2 - Essay Example This is with regards to distribution of pretax income in the economy. There are a number of advantages and disadvantages linked to greater income equality. Greater income equality helps fight some of the social evils in society including social exclusion and poverty among the poor. Secondly, it leads to improved provision of basic facilities including health education and leads to higher social mobility. On the contrary, improved economic equality leads to lack of motivation by the poor to work hard since income is distributed equally (Desilver, 2013). Secondly, it leads to poor innovation and new skills since the rich contribute towards the payment of taxes that are distributed equally. Greater income equality can be achieved in various ways. First, the cycle of poverty should be broken by increasing low incomes (Ellyat, 2013). Secondly, high incomes should be lowered closer to the average income (Bartels, 2008). Finally, the cycle of privilege that inhibits social mobility and cements inequality should be eliminated. Desilver, D. (2013, December 5). U.S. income inequality, on rise for decades, is now highest since 1928. Retrieved from

Ethics Simulation Essay Example for Free

Ethics Simulation Essay Ethical dilemmas are a constant in the business world. In order for an individual to be adaptive to the ever changing rolls of their jobs it is in their best interest to research their company’s standard operating procedures as well as being informed on new company policies that are being implemented. In doing this research however, the individual will notice that specific problems are not always documented or covered in these manuals. In the area of ethics, people who are given authority must use various lenses to ensure that the company is meeting the expectations of its employees to guarantee their rights and fair treatment. Developing these virtuous attributes is geared at developing cohesion amongst employees, efficiency, and developing a positive reputation. Although there are many ways to resolve an intercompany dispute, the most ethically sound decision comes from people in positions of power being informed of the issue and setting their sights on ensuring fairness and ruling in favor of the option that creates the greatest overall good. This paper will examine the two Ethics Game examples and follow the worksheet format for answering questions. The issue presented in dilemma number one arises from an employee named Aaron Webb who posted sensitive company information. His posting was not derogatory in nature however the information is considered private. Many companies guard their information and keeping their core competencies sacred in order to remain competitive. Another employee named Jamal Moore sent an anonymous message revealing through hacking into Webb’s computer that Webb has many of these sensitive files loaded on his personal computer. The issue arises of how to respect the personal views of employees outside of the workplace. The primary stakeholders for this issue are the shareholders, the General Counselor, the Director of IT, the VP of HR, Jamal Moore, and Aaron Webb. Some of the duties that the company makes clear are allowing the employee the right to voice their opinion, as guaranteed by the first amendment to the constitution. However, an employer may legally limit this right if the information is considered private and proprietary. Management has the duty to make sure that its information isn’t leaked for the sake of all other stakeholders. There is a duty to address concerns about the company. By allowing this type of communication, problems are clarified and avoided. Employees should be happy when their rights to privacy are protected, their concerns are heard, and important information is guarded. In this dilemma, shareholders have a medium impact. How the company is viewed and evaluated by the public may decrease shareholder confidence and decrease its value. The CLO has a medium impact because his or her judgment may be called into play and reflect their decision making abilities. The VP of HR and the Director of Safety and Security have low impact when it comes to this problem as long as they have both fulfilled their obligations with informing the ultimate decision makers of the problem. Jamal Moore and Aaron Webb have high impact on this decision because this dilemma could potentially end their employment abilities or lead to punishment. My core values of the situation are embodied by recognizing loyalty. Although these employees may be misguided, more information given to them on the issue at hand could serve to make them better employees and avoid litigation. All members of the company must come to a deeper understanding that sensitive materials should be handled with care. As long as the integrity of the department is secured, the company can still benefit. In the second dilemma, there is a need for a security policy that provides for the safety of employees and also accommodates special needs, such as for Aisha Mullah, who is muslim and religiously not allowed to uncover her face in the work environment. The stakeholders in this situation are the company shareholders, the VP of HR, the Associate Director of Operations, other employees, the Training Manager, and Aisha Mullah. As an employee, you should be guaranteed that processes be followed. The right to be informed about security policies and exceptions should also be guaranteed. Arguably the most important, the right to express one’s opinion about policies and their impact should be guaranteed as well. The option that best suits this situation is to implement a photo I. D.  security system and to make accomodations for individuals with special needs. This will have a positive effect on the stakeholders, demonstrating the company’s ability to adapt to the needs of various individuals and be progressive in a diverse world. This decision reflects my core values by not excluding anyone on the basis of religion. Managing diversity means providing the climate for a productive workplace and seeking out qualified employees who should not be the subject of judgment or overlooked due to their race, creed, disability, sex, or place of origin. Other employees see this fairness and view it as attractive. A harsh, less understanding work environment drives employees away. By giving timely feedback to Aisha, treating her fairly, and upholding the company values, the company is strengthened. As a person of power, self development is a continual process and allows an individual to prepare for difficult decisions such as these. On the first simulation, a score of 1 out of 5 was achieved which demonstrates a relatively low risk. On the second simulation a score of 0 out of 5 was achieved which shows virtually no risk. Overall points earned were 25,600 out of 29,000. Important rights to remember for this project are the first amendment to the Constitution, and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. People of the United States are guaranteed the right to freedom of speech, and expression. People of the United States are also guaranteed that employers will not discriminate on the basis of religious beliefs. By using the ethical lenses which were demonstrated through this simulation, future leaders of America can be more informed on how to best handle intercompany issues while providing for the best option to all the stakeholders involved. We must be aware of the four lenses and know how to identify the key factors. By being informed and choosing the most virtuous choice available, companies will poise themselves to achieve high praises from their communities, their shareholders, and the stakeholders, down to the individual whose liberties and rights were defended.

The Decolonisation of Africa 1959-1964 Essay Example for Free

The Decolonisation of Africa 1959-1964 Essay To what extent was Britain able to retain control over decolonisation in Africa between 1959 and 1964? By 1959 decolonisation in British Africa was well under way, for example, the Gold Coast in West Africa had become independent in 1957, Nigeria and Sierra Leone were well on their way to independence, and agitation and advances towards independence were already taking place in Kenya and Tanganyika in Eastern Africa. By 1964 this had spread throughout Britain’s African territories and many more had either become independent or started their journey and development towards independence, as the â€Å"political face of the continent was transformed†[1]. This essay will examine what it was that led to this huge change in policy towards Africa, from a time at the beginning of the 1950s when no one expected any of Britain’s colonies to become independent within a generation, let alone within a decade, to a time in the mid-1960s when Britain’s colonial possessions in Africa were severely dwindling and there was a clear line of policy towards decolonisation there. Even in 1959, as Hemming recognises, â€Å"a conference of East African governors agreed that the likely timetable of independence would be: Tanganyika in 1970, Kenya in 1975 and Uganda somewhere between the two†[2]. In fact Tanganyika gained independence in 1961, Kenya in 1963 and Uganda in 1962. As Hemming identifies, â€Å"a fifteen year timetable had been reduced by 80 percent†[3]. This essay will look at such questions as: How can we judge if Britain was in control? ; Was Britain in control of the pace, or the actual process of events of how independence came about? ; Was Britain in control of who to transfer power to? This essay will attempt to answer these questions by examining all of the various problems, and pressures with which Britain was faced regarding its African colonies, which can been seen to have taken the control of decolonisation in Africa between 1959 and 1964 out of Britain’s hands. It will look at whether Britain really wanted to maintain control of its colonial territories, or whether, once Britain had decided not to keep its colonies, it actually did not want to remain in control of decolonisation in Africa. In some cases did it actually make it easier for Britain to allow control of African decolonisation **** out of its hands. This essay will examine whether it is certain that once the ‘wind of change’ of African nationalism began spreading through Africa, that Britain was not entirely in control, and, will examine the extent to which Britain did retain control, if it did at all. It will look at the pressures the British government had to deal with, for example, pressures from the UN to end British imperialism, pressures from the US, and pressures from other members of the Commonwealth, as well as from the rest of Europe. It will examine the strength of colonial nationalism and the extent to which this took the control of decolonisation in Africa away from Britain, or at least forced the British government to change and adapt its policy in order to cope and deal with this threat. This essay will look at pressures at home in Britain, from members of the government and those in opposition as well as British public opinion, and the extent to which this affected Britain’s policy over decolonisation. It will also look at the impact and influence that the process of decolonisation being pursued by other European imperial powers in Africa had on Britain’s decolonisation policy. It will look at how much the desire of Britain to maintain its role as a world power, and maintain, for example, the special relationship with America, and its position in the Commonwealth, had on British policy over decolonisation and whether this desire led to Britain pursuing a policy direction which it otherwise would not have done. Finally, having examined all these pressures and events which affected Britain’s decolonisation policy in Africa, this essay will attempt to examine to what extent Britain was, or was not, able to retain control over this process, and affect it in a way which was acceptable to Britain. It will then try and make an assessment, whether or not Britain did retain control over decolonisation in Africa in the period from 1959 to 1964, and, if Britain was in control, the extent of this control.

Case Report On Jive Software Marketing Essay

Case Report On Jive Software Marketing Essay For the basis of this case report we will assume Jeremy Wilsons role as VP of Sales for Jive Software were we will look at the core building blocks of the sales function that are required to assist Jive Software implement their sales strategy. In addition we will also look at what steps the new VP of Sales John McCracken needs to take to resolve the sales problems Jive Software were facing due to the growth of the company. Core building blocks of a Sales function For any business that is going to implement a sales strategy there are some key factors that need to be considered. For example, who are your target customers, do you have any competitors in this market space, what geographically regions are you going to concentrate on, and what core building blocks of the sales function are required to realize the sales strategy. In Jives situation we know that their target audience comprised of large scale organizations and SMEs. We also know that Jives reputation firmly put them to the forefront as the leading provider of social networking for enterprise which in essence gave them an advantage over their competitors. As for the geographically regions, due to the nature of their business there are no limitations as to where Jive could not sell their product suite. This leaves the question, what are core building blocks of the sales function they need to put in place? After reviewing the situation it was determined that the core building blocks were , a centralized Information system, a functional sales pipeline, sales resources, marketing investment and an agreed sales budget. Centralized Information System The initiation of a centralized information system will improve how Jive manage, store and disseminate their information. In employing systems such as Transaction Processing Systems (TPS), Office Automation Systems (OAS), Decision Support Systems (DSS) and Customer Relationship Management systems (CRM) it allows the integration of the functional areas within the organization.(i.e. Sales and Marketing, Finance, Operations and HR) (Malaga, 2005) The result of this integration provides easier access to both internal and external information which assists senior management making decisions that affect the daily running of Jive but also helps in achieving their strategic sales goals. Development of a Sales Pipeline Following the deployment of the information system Jive need to analyze all sales leads that have been generated and employ a functional sales pipeline to give senior management visibility on the sales leads while also enabling them to qualify which leads the sales team should be focusing their efforts on. This effectively allows Jive to see which companies would get the greatest benefits out of using Jives social networking enterprise system and to rank them accordingly. (Reynolds, 2012) Sales Resources The number of resources required to manage all the sales opportunities in the pipeline is vital. That is how many account managers, sales engineers, administration staff, technical support and field service engineers do Jive need? In addition these resources will require the relevant training in sales, customer support, the CRM information system as well as the Jive product suite itself. (Reynolds, 2012) Marketing Providing literature to the sales team in the form of PDFs, brochures etc. For example, information on the product specifications, retail price of the products, lead time on the delivery of the product, warranty duration, an overview of Jives abilities and capabilities, and a standard sales pitch the sales person should deliver to the customer. Also providing the customers with the facility to download a copy of the software to evaluate is extremely advantageous as it allows Jives to showcase the product to wide audience which in turn will assist in the generation of sales leads. Sales Budget The last but not least core building block is Jives sales budget. It is imperative that Jive control the budget to ensure their sales strategy is effective. Developing a centralized information system is expensive and when you factor in the cost of training, marketing, travel, entertainment etc.. the overall budget can be quite high. (Ma, 2012) A new era for Jive Software For this section of this report will look at the steps the new VP of Sales John McCracken needs to take to mitigate the sales problems Jive Software were facing. Focus on Enterprise Business In 2008 Chris Morace (VP of Product Marketing) instigated the initial changes in how Jive did their prospecting of customers by moving from the shotgun sales approach of selling to everyone and anyone to concentrating on the enterprise sector. However there may still be some issues with the sales reps regarding this strategy. John McCracken will have to address this situation and explain that spending a large portion of their time on SME accounts that give little return in the way of revenue is not the way forward. He needs them to focus their efforts on looking at Jives existing customers and determining, which ones generate high revenues with high profit margins, what problems do Jive solve for these customers, and most importantly why do these customer do business with Jive Software. (Robertson, 2012) In conjunction the sales reps should refrain from selling legacy/patched up products and focus on selling the latest Clearspace product. Pro-Active Selling John needs to move the sales team away from the reactive selling done in the past. He should adopt a pro-active solution selling approach to target the customers specific business need or problem they are trying to solve. Arguably this would require the sales rep to have detailed knowledge of customers business and industry. However employing this approach would mean the sales reps are working more closely with the customers either by email, telephone or site visits which ultimately enables them to forge strong relationships with the key decision makers in these companies whilst also attaining vital market intelligence. Repair the broken link with product development For the future success of Jive its important that John has the sales reps feed information gathered from customer visits back into the Jives product development team so they can work on the next generation of Jives product suite. Revise Group Quota System Address the current problems the quarterly quota system is causing. One solution to this problem could be to apply an annual forecasting system instead. This will end the mid-quarter quota issues that faced the sales reps under Jeremy Wilsons stewardship. However it is still crucial that John holds monthly meetings with his sales team to ensure they are continuously monitoring the situation and the Jive are still on track to meet the forecasted sales set out at the start of the fiscal year. There also needs to be greater transparency when it comes to who is responsible for which accounts, what selling techniques were used and which sales reps are meeting their target sales. Jive Softwares Profile Finally John should increase Jives company profile in the social network enterprise market space. This could be achieved by exhibiting Jives product range at trade shows, publishing articles on Jive Software in industry trade magazines, speaking at industry conferences, providing a list of Jives top enterprise customers on the website as well as getting testimonials from these customers endorsing the Jive product range. (Robertson, 2012)

Dr Jekyll And Mr Hyde :: essays research papers

DR. JEKYLL AND MR. HYDE A character analysis is usually based on one character, however in this case there are two. I say this because they are both one. Sound confusing? It should, I had to read lines over and over just to understand it. You see its quite simple, there is one Dr. Jekyll and he is a typical nice doctor. However he is not satisfied with him self thus he creates another side of him, a bad side who pushes over little kids without a hesitation or feel of guilt. This side is come to known as Dr Hyde. Dr. Jekyll is a man who is “caring“ and was “very well educated';, he like was the good side, and he had morals, and he was able to determine the difference between right and wrong when he was Dr. Jekyll. Once the potion started to backfire in Jekyll’s face because Hyde turned to evil and wants to kill him, Jekyll is upset and says only, “ Oh what a lesson I have learned! “. This shows that at least Dr. Jekyll realizes he made a mistake in the first place, he says to “ let him (me) alone to suffer for a great evil deed that I have committed';. He realizes that morally what he did was wrong. And that one shall just be as they are, and not try to change that. He tried, and he failed. Dr. Hyde on the other hand is the evil side of Dr. Jekyll. Enfield points out that “ he (I) saw a strange, deformed man round the corner and bump into a young girl. The strange man did not stop but simply walked right over the young girl.'; This man was later figured to be Dr. Hyde, This obviously shows that he was an evil man who had no worries about anything in his life (pushing over a little kid as one of them), and he would peruse doing what he did, not letting anyone stop him. Dr. Hyde and Jekyll have one common trait even though they have two different personalities. This trait is that they are the same people! This is uncertain until the end, there are hints by the notes and the handwritings how they are similar but with a slant but until the end it was unsure. They share a characteristic; they both are real sneaky, sneaky enough to even fool the reader.

Freedom of Expression on the Internet Essay -- Freedom of Speech

I.Introduction This paper addresses whether we should censor or block access to websites with controversial material. It looks at the issue from several sides: The relevant US laws that are in place, how censorship is used at the university and corporate levels, how other countries are attempting censorship, and finally what I feel about the topic. Given all that I have read in preparing this paper, I have come to the conclusion that without a set of globally-accepted rules, we should not be censoring the Internet except where these rules are being broken. We could perhaps get agreement for those things that are obviously illegal and unethical (child pornography), but what about other areas such as gambling (is it legal but unethical or visa versa?). There would be very few rules we could agree upon if 100% global agreement is a requirement, and I believe it is. II. America's View A. The Laws The United States government has enacted (or attempted to enact) several laws regarding freedom of speech and the internet. A short overview of these follows. 1.The First Amendment Given how short the First Amendment is, it has caused a surprising amount of controversy and an untold number of new laws and regulations. The text simply states â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.†[i] The First Amendment has been enforced at different levels depending on the type of media itself. Television and radio are both broadcast media and are under strict government regulation as to cont... ...8520&key2=7604425701&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=16081397&CFTOKEN=88949163 [xxxi] Ministry of Information, Communication and the Arts, Working Together Towards a Responsible and Vibrant Society, 2003, 08 Feb 2004, http://www.mita.gov.sg/pressroom/press_030908.pdf [xxxii] Amnesty International, People's Republic of China Controls tighten as Internet activism grows, 28 January 2004, 08 Feb 2004, http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGASA170012004 [xxxiii] Julie Hilden, The First Amendment and the Internet, Why Traditional Legal Doctrines Apply Differently In Cyberspace 2002, 24 Jan 2004, http://writ.findlaw.com/hilden/20020416.html [xxxiv] Tina Inzerilla, â€Å"Re: hello there†, email to the author, Feb 2004 [xxxv] Jennifer Rast, The UN Plan to Take Over the Internet, Contender Ministries, 10 Jan 2004, 11 Feb 2004, http://www.contenderministries.org/UN/wsis.php

Nsu Mgt 210

Letter of Transmittal August 03, 2010 Mr. Faculty Member School of Business North South University, Dhaka. Subject: Transmittal Message Dear Mr. Here is the term paper of MGT 210 that you have asked for. For our project, you have selected United Airways (BD) Limited. We went to the company and talked with the top level managers to learn about them. Throughout the whole project we tried to follow your guidelines, apply our knowledge of management that is gained from you. We appreciate you for asking us to conduct this term paper.For any kind of enquiry regarding the term paper please contact us at [email  protected] com or 01717 244 574. Sincerely Yours, Table of Contents |Serial No. |Contents |Page No. | |01 |Mission Statement of United Airways (BD) Ltd. |3 | |02 |Executive Summary |3 | |03 |Officers of the Company |6 |04 |Organogram |7 | |05 |Situational Analysis |8 | |06 |SWOT Analysis |11 | |07 |Objectives and Strategies |16 | |08 |Management Issues |20 | |09 |Conclusion |2 2 | |10 |Bibliography |23 | |11 |Appendix |24 | |12 |Group Photo |25 | Mission Statement of United Airways (BD) Ltd. United Airways (BD) Ltd. (UABDL) is pledge bound to be recognized domestically and internationally by the passengers, shareholders, investors and employees as the best airline in Bangladesh.To provide a safe and reliable service to our valued passengers, we deliver service with a sense of professionalism, warmth, care and friendliness. Customer’s satisfaction is our first priority. We want to deliver more than what we promise. We will achieve this by operating our flights on time and by offering personalized services on the ground and in the air. The slogan of UABDL is: â€Å"Fly your own Airline† Executive Summary United Airways (BD) Ltd. is the first airline which has been appeared with a vision to create a world class airline in Bangladesh. Some airline companies had tried for several years to capture this airline sector based Bangladeshi market, bu t none of them have actually achieved success. United Airways (BD) Ltd. s an emerging company which is looking forward to achieve a remarkable position in the local as well as foreign airline sector. United airways (BD) Ltd. (UABDL) has been founded by an expatriate airline pilot, Capt. Tasbirul Ahmed Choudhury along with groups of professionals, business people and entrepreneurs with the intention of operating, managing and eventually owning several commercial aircrafts that will utilize Bangladesh as its base of operations. If we study past history, we will realize that how the airline sector of Bangladesh needed this kind of company. Previously, the airline sector was controlled and owned by government. From 1989, it was felt that there should be private airline company to provide better quality and service. In 1991, govt. hanged air transportation policy and permitted private sector to start airline business. During 1995, Aero-bengal, first private airline company, appeared in t he airline business. But government set some restrictions for private airline and did not permit them to fly in domestic routes. After a long bargaining, in 1996, govt. removed the restriction and allowed private aircrafts to fly in domestic routes. Another private airline company appeared in the industry named GMG and finally United Airways (BD) Limited came into the industry in 2005. UABDL was incorporated as a private limited company on 28th June, 2005. Subsequently the company was converted into a public limited company from 8th may, 2006.The company has been granted license from civil aviation authority of Bangladesh to operate passenger and cargo service in international and domestic sectors. On 10th July, 2007 UABDL commenced its 1st operation in domestic routes. UABDL internationally flied from Dhaka to Kolkata on 24 September, 2008. Now the company is moving forward to capture the share of international market. In spite of being a new member in the market, UABDL has gained very strong position. According to the annual report of 2007-2008, company generated revenue of Taka 222. 37 million. The gross profit amounting to Taka 95. 96 million; however the company experienced a loss of Taka 39. 11 million.From the audited report of 2009, we can find that company earned revenue of Taka 298. 22 million and made Taka 158. 26 million as gross profit. This indicates an increase of 64. 93% as compared with the financial year 2007-2008. The company earned net profit before tax Taka 16,983,733 during the period of July 09 to October 09. This shows us the remarkable advancement of this company in this adverse market state prevailing in the aviation industry. The company has been permitted by Security & Exchange Commission to issue IPO of Taka 100 crore in one crore shares having face value of Taka 100. The process of issuing IPO is expected to be accomplished by this year.Air travelers have experienced tremendous difficulty while traveling in Bangladesh. UABDL has c oncerned this as an opportunity and has been taking steps to make air travel to the country and inside the country easier, refreshing and reliable. United Airways (BD) Limited aims to develop the airline in a way which every Bangladeshi can feel proud of being associated with. Investors are not only a part of this profitable venture but are also a part of investing for the economic growth of Bangladesh. The development of this new airline will help move Bangladesh further into 21st century. The logo of the company is designated as available to all communities or groups.The seven colors – stroke lines give a feel of fineness while the overall shape gives an idea of unity. The shape of strokes is deliberated upon the shape of a circle – combined into a single entity. The multi colors of the logo reflects the various sophisticated services that UABDL is pledge bound to provide to their valuable passengers, investors, shareholder and patrons. United Airways (BD) Limited no w has nine aircrafts in its fleet which are – 2 x Dash – 8 – 103, 3 x MD- 83, 1 x Boeing 767 – 300ER and 3 x Let 410. It is operating domestic routes in Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet, Jessore and Cox’s Bazar and its international routes from Dhaka to Kolkata,Kathmundu and Kualalampur. UABDL serves exclusive halal meals for the passengers with special dietary needs by choice, due to medical or religious reasons. This menus have been prepared by trained chefs, with dieticians overseeing the overall nutritional value of the meal from their catering department in a hygienic way United Airways (BD) Ltd. discovers a unique opportunity in Bangladesh for domestic and international flight operation. Large number of population, along with notable economic growth and improving living standards of people ensures that this company will go further in this aviation industry. Officers of United Airways (BD) Ltd.Here is the list of the top Officers who are working in d ifferent positions of United Airways (BD) Ltd. |Name |Position |Remuneration (in taka) | |Capt. Tasbirul Ahmed Choudhury |Managing Director |880,000 | |Syed Abdul Muqtadir |Senior Advisor |57,000 | |Capt. M Mushtaque Ali |Director Operation |70,000 | |Shahjahan S.Hasib |Director, |42,500 | | |International Affairs | | |Capt. Monirul Haque Joarder |Director, Planning |210,500 | |Group Captain Khurshid Alam Chowdhury (Retd. )|Director, HR |58,000 | |Wg. Cdr. ATM Nazrul Islam (Retd. ) |Company Secretary & Consultant |- | |Jilanee F. R.Chowdhury |Director, |- | | |Marketing & Sales | | |Wg. Cdr. Muhammad Ferdous Imam (Retd. ) |Director, |56,800 | | |Admin & Finance | | |Mujib -Ur- Rahman |Director, Engineering |70,000 | |D. M.Moudud Chowdhury |Consultant |46,500 | |Dr. Mohammad Hafiz Ahmed |Consultant |35,000 | |Nabhojit Panigrahi |Director, Ground Services |150,000 | |Farhad Hossain |Consultant |- | Organogram An organogram is a diagram that shows the structure of an organization and relationships and relative ranks of its parts and positions. This is also known as management chart.United Airways (BD) Limited has a dynamic team of pilots, engineers, marketing and sales people, finance managers, consultants and officials led by its Managing Director Capt. Tasbirul Ahmed Chowdhury. The organogram of the company is shown below: Organogram of UABDL Situational Analysis Situational analysis is a marketing term which involves the situation and trends in a particular company’s market. It is designed to take a snapshot of where things stand at the same time the plan is presented. It is aimed at identification of internal and external forces that may influence the organization's performance and choice of strategies, current competitors. (www. businessdictionary. com) 1. Internal factorsInternal factors are those factors of an organization which can be controlled by the managers. In United Airways (BD) Ltd. there are some internal factors which affect the business. These factors come from within the business itself, without regard to any outside factors like customers and other businesses. These factors are under the domain of management of this company. 1. 1. Management levels Management level is one of the internal factors. It indicates how many levels are there from top to bottom. Management level includes operational level, technical level, and strategic level. i. Operational Level Operational level of any organization focuses on the performance and the efficiency of production work.Like every organization operations functions are at the core of United Airways (BD) Ltd. The primary managerial task here is to develop the best allocation of resources with the given amount of resources that produces the desired output. The core functions of UNITED AIRWAYS are: ? Provide all services on promised time. ? Provide some unique services to the passengers ? Bring the equipments directly from USA. ? Ensure passengers’ safety and satisfaction ? Ensure the welfare of employees ii. Technical level The main function of the technical level is to coordinate the activities of the operational level. There are some people in United Airways (BD) Ltd. ho are officially authorized to perform the technical works. People who are involved with technical works are more closely related to the tasks that are performed by workers. iii. Strategic level Strategic level indicates top level managers who determine the how the organization interacts with its environment. In this organization managing director, company secretary are considered as the top level manager. These managers do not direct the day-to-day activities of the firm; rather, they set goals for the organization and direct the company to achieve them. These managers are ultimately responsible for the performance of the organization, and often, these managers have very visible jobs.As it is a new organization these top managers are using their experience and skills to improve its ranking and to do some good work for the society as well. As the source of authority comes from society the top level managers are working on how they can provide quality services to society. 2. External factors External factors are those factors which can’t be controlled by the managers. UABDL has some external factors as well like competitors, customers, suppliers etc. these factors come from outside the business. One of their major external factors is their competitors. 2. 1. Competitors of UABDL The market condition in Bangladesh is unpredictable.Attaining total success is a difficult task, as one need to win the hearts and souls of the people by adopting proper marketing strategy with a competitive price. Quality is the major tool for UABDL. The main competitors of UABDL are Biman Bangladesh Airlines, GMG Airlines, and Royal Bengal Airlines. Still it is increasing its position in terms of market share. Though, constantly they are under the threat from potential competit ors, but they are doing well. Also it is doing very well as a new company though there are some limitations. There will be many competitors in the future also in this sector. But UABDL thinks that to achieve its vision, it has to be superior to its competitors. SWOT AnalysisSWOT analysis is a basic, straightforward model that provides direction and serves as a basis for the development of marketing plans. It accomplishes this by assessing an organization’s strengths (what an organization can do) and weaknesses (what an organization cannot do) in addition to opportunities (potential favorable conditions for an organization) and threats (potential unfavorable conditions for an organization). SWOT analysis is an important step in planning and its value is often underestimated despite the simplicity in creation. The role of SWOT analysis is to take information from the environmental analysis and separate it into internal issues (strengths and weaknesses) and external issues (oppo rtunities and threats).Once this is completed, SWOT analysis determines if the information indicates something that will assist the firm in accomplishing its objectives (a strength or opportunity), or if it indicates an obstacle that must be overcome or minimized to achieve desired results (weakness or threat). (Ferrel O. , Hartline, M. Lucas, G. Luck, D. Marketing Strategy, 1998). We have done the research to find out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and weaknesses of United Airways (BD) Ltd. The details are described in the follow. 1. Strengths Strengths are internal factors of an organization. Strengths are those characteristics of the organization which are useful to attain the objectives of the organization. Factors which are considered as strengths of UABDL are described here. 1. Customer Preference UABDL is bound to satisfy its customers.The company is offering its passengers a safe and comfortable flying experience at excellent value for money. Considering these fact ors, customers prefer United Airways (BD) Ltd. rather than any other airways. 1. 2. Maintaining Flight Schedules UABDL is very strict about time schedule. They hardly delay their flights if any unavoidable situation takes place. Otherwise, they maintain their time schedule very strictly. 1. 3. Providing Quality Service Quality service providing to the customers is one of the most important strength factors of UABDL. They consider that customer satisfaction is their first priority. What the company promises to give to the customers, it tries to give more than that. 1. 4. Lower Ticket Fair than OthersUABDL offers most competitive price compared to its competitors like GMG Airlines or Biman Bangladesh Airlines. This pricing strategy helps the company to attract more customers. 1. 5. Own Aircrafts UABDL does not lease the aircrafts like its competitors. No other airline companies in Bangladesh have their own aircrafts. But UABDL has its own aircrafts. This is one of the factors that Uni ted Airways can charge less than its competitors. 1. 6. Strong Management United Airways (BD) Ltd. has a dynamic team of pilots, engineers, marketing and sales people, finance managers, consultants and officials led by its Managing Director Capt. Tasbirul Ahmed Chowdhury. . Weaknesses Weaknesses are also internal factors of a company. Weaknesses are harmful or destructive for the company to achieve the objectives or goals. Factors which are considered as the weaknesses of United Airways are – 2. 1. Unfulfilled Marketing Promises Sometimes UABDL fails to fulfill the promises which were conducted during their marketing. But this kind of situation takes place very rarely in this company. 2. 2. Unavailability of Servicing Equipments Servicing equipments of the aircrafts are not available in Bangladesh. UABDL has to bring those equipments from abroad. This fact increases the servicing cost. 2. 3. Insufficient FundIt is very difficult to run airline business in a developing country like Bangladesh as this business is very costly to run. It is also very difficult to build a sufficient fund in Bangladesh. UABDL is facing this problem in this country. 3. Opportunities Opportunities are external circumstances which are supportive to realize the objectives of the organization. United Airways (BD) Ltd. considers some factors as its opportunities which are discussed below – 3. 1. High Growth Rate of Potential Customers The growth rate of potential customers is high as many people from Bangladesh are going abroad for different purposes. So, UABDL has enough opportunities to capture more customers. 3. 2. Increasing International RoutesUABDL already has introduced international flights, but the company is planning to increase its international routes. Many people from Bangladesh are living in different countries around the world. If UABDL expands its routes, people will prefer to travel by United Airways as it is their â€Å"Own Airline†. 3. 3. Increasing Market Share UABDL already has 52% market share and they are hoping to increase this rate. It will help the company to maximize its profit. 3. 4. Experienced Team The company has a very strong team of experienced Bangladeshi people in each and every department. Pilots, engineers, managers, marketing and sales people – all of them are very experienced which will help the company to be the best airline company in the country. 4. ThreatsThreats are external factors which are destructive or harmful for the company to achieve the goals. There are few factors which are considered as threats by United Airways (BD) Ltd. and they are described in the follow – 4. 1. Competitors Competitors are always considered as threats to any kind of companies. UABDL has mainly three competitors in Bangladesh – Biman Bangladesh Airlines, GMG Airlines and Royal Bengal Airlines. Competitors can take any unique steps to be the best airline company in Bangladesh. So, competitors are main threat to the company. 4. 2. Economic Condition of Bangladesh Bangladesh is a developing country of the third world.The economy of the country is not strong. Natural calamity or any unavoidable situation also affects the country’s economy very much. So, this is also considered as a major threat of United Airways (BD) Ltd. 4. 3. Unwillingness of the Banks to Finance Banks in Bangladesh are not very helpful to the airline companies like UABDL to support them financially. It will be very difficult to receive financial support from the banks if it will be needed in future. The above discussion clearly reflects the overall condition of the company. SWOT analysis helps the company to find out its weaknesses and threats and find out the ways to overcome those by its strengths and opportunities.Objectives and Strategies Defining Objectives and Strategies A business objective is something the business is aiming toward or a strategic position it is working to attain. Usually is a step in the strategy. Objectives are similar to goals. And strategy is the process of accomplishing these objectives. To be successful, managers must develop and execute it well. (management. about. com) The objectives and strategies of United Airways (BD) Ltd. are discussed in the following. Objective – 1 The company will always provide quality, safety and on time service. Strategy United Airways (BD) Ltd. is always committed to its customers to provide quality in service.It employs skilled managers who can manage the jobs very efficiently. UABDL uses better quality aircrafts and puts a lot of effort on the maintenance of the aircrafts. If any defect is detected of the aircraft, the authority solves that very quickly. The company collects feedback from the customers after experiencing the travel. If there is suggestion, the authority tries to consider that and if there is any complaining, it takes that with great concern. Objective – 2 The company will expand its service t o Middle East by 2011. Strategy UABDL has found great opportunity in the Middle East routes. So, it is planning to expand its service to Middle East countries by 2011.For this purpose, it is setting up its offices in the respective areas and also planning to operate heavy aircrafts in the Middle East routes. It is going to take big promotional strategy in those places and also in Bangladesh. Objective – 3 The company will acquire market share from foreign carriers within few years. Strategy UABDL has already entered the international market by operating the international routes to Kolkata, Dubai, Kathmandu and Kualalampur. And it is also going to expand its foreign routes by the next year. So, by expanding its foreign routes, it is going to acquire market share from foreign carriers. Objective – 4 The company will generate employment opportunity of the country at present and future. StrategyUABDL opens a big opportunity for prospective employees. The company always pre fers to employ local energies. Except some of the technical positions, almost all of the employees of UABDL are Bangladeshi. So, the company is creating a huge opportunity for the local job seekers. In the current economy, there is lots of manpower available, but jobs are not available for them. UABDL is trying to create opportunity for those deserving people. The company should always follow this strategy in recruiting employees. Objective – 5 The company will raise the paid up capital to Tk. 200 Crore through issuing IPO by 2010. Strategy UABDL is entering the stock market by issuing IPO for the first time this year.As a relatively new company, its performance in the opening years will surely catch the eyes of the investors to buy they shares of UABDL. The company is predicting that, issuing IPO will raise the paid up capital to Tk. 200 Crore by this year. Objective – 6 The company will launch a project to operate in European destinations including London, Gatwick, M anchester, Birmingham from Dhaka and Sylhet within 12 months of completing the project of Middle East. Strategy The company aims at a broader view to expand its service to the European region. By 2011 the company is willing to complete the project of Middle East and within 12 months of the completion of that project, it will launch the project to operate in the European destination.It will operate flights from Dhaka and Sylhet to some major European destinations like London, Gatwick, Manchester, Birmingham etc. Objective – 7 The company will raise a fund of Tk. 2,000 Crore by 2014. Strategy UABDL is going to issue its IPO this year. So, this will help to raise its capital as well as its fund. The company will also increase its fund from different available sources. So, it is predicting that it will be able to raise a fund of Tk. 2,000 Crore by the year 2014. Objective – 8 The company will have airline offices throughout the world by 2015. Strategy From the inception of the company, it is aiming towards going to the international arena.Already it has placed its offices in different countries where it is operating its flights. As it’s another objective is to acquire market share from foreign carriers, it is going to open airline offices throughout the world by 2015. Objective – 9 The company wants to be a leader in the Aviation industry within 12 years. Strategy UABDL’s current performance indicates that it is going to be a leader in the local aviation industry within few years. This will be possible only if it can provide quality, safety and on time service regularly. As it will expand its business in international arena, it can dream to be a leader in the international aviation industry also. Objective – 10The company wants to participate in the economic development of the country in regular basis. Strategy UABDL regards its investors as comrades in their endeavor to contribute in the overall economic growth of Banglad esh. It believes that involvement in this airline by making an investment is an opportunity to be a part of a unique venture that will have a significant impact on national economy. And by operating the international flights more frequently, it will capture a big amount of foreign currency. It will conduct different projects for the development of the economy of Bangladesh. Management Issues Staffs of this United Airways (BD) Ltd. include experienced professionals from various institutions as well as credible airlines.Members of the management team is strategic thinkers and able to see the big picture, have diverse experience, demonstrate leadership attributes, combine business insight with technical savvy, and also committed to continuous learning. The company has departmentalized its function in following 11 categories – †¢ Operations †¢ Finance †¢ Planning †¢ Engineering †¢ Admin †¢ Sales and Marketing †¢ Human Resource †¢ Internatio nal Affairs †¢ Ground Service †¢ Catering †¢ Procurement Our study focused on departmentalization and organizational structure. The objective here was to understand things like degree and type of horizontal differentiation, vertical differentiation, mechanisms of coordination and control, formalization, and centralization of power.Looking at the organizational structure of the company we found it is based on 5 tiers at the top level management. This includes Managing Director, who is head of the company, Senior Advisor, Company secretary, Consultants and department directors. United Airways that make one-of-a-kind custom products, typically, both people's skills, knowledge and the machines used are important. Discussion with staff revealed following aspects: †¢ It is relatively expensive to operate, and work process is unpredictable †¢ It is comparatively flat organization (few levels of hierarchy) †¢ MD has low span of control (direct reports) †¢ Relatively low percentage of managers Concentrated units are Procurements, sales and marketing, Human resources and International Affairs †¢ Company work is largely vulnerable because of largely wide variables influencing its work. (i. e. Aircraft routes, country politics, International politics etc. ) Where operation level staffs deal with the ongoing day-to-day complexities of organizations, top level leaders effectively orchestrate important change. While managing requires planning and budgeting routines, leading includes setting the direction (creating a vision) for the company Management requires structuring the organization, staffing it with capable people, and monitoring activities; Leaders of United Airways goes beyond these functions by inspiring people to attain the vision.Directors keep operations level staff focused on moving the organization toward its ideal future, motivating them to over come whatever obstacles lie in the way. The culture determines the type of l eadership, communication, and group dynamics within the organization. In United Airways BD workers perceive this as the quality of work life which directs their degree of motivation. The final outcomes are performance, individual satisfaction, and personal growth and development. All these elements combine to build the model or framework that the organization operates from. Conclusion United Airways has a goal of being a leader in aviation industry at home and abroad.It will be a long journey for the company to accomplish that goal as it is very new in the industry. But whatever the company has done till now, it shows clear sign of the company’s prospect. In this very short time, it has placed itself in a good position in the market. It is also entering the stock market this year. It aims to involve every Bangladeshi expatriates to affiliate with them as a proud owner of the airline by owning its share. By owning the share of UABDL, investors will not only be a part of a prof itable business, but will also be investing in Bangladesh themselves. United Airways comprises a team of dynamic and talented Bangladeshi who are fully committed to make sure that their dream becomes a successful reality.The company believes that involvement in this airline is a chance to become a part a unique venture that will have a significant impact on Bangladesh, leaving a long term legacy for all. And through its dedicated service to the customers, United Airways truly want to be â€Å"Your Airline†. Bibliography In order to prepare this term paper, we have taken information from several sources. Here is a list of those sources. 1. Donnelly, Gibson and Ivancevich. Fundamentals of Management. N. p. : Irwin McGraw-Hill, 1998 2. Griffin, W. Ricky. Management. N. p. : Cengage Learning, 2006. 3. Dessler, Gary. Organization and Management – A Contingency Approach. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Prentice – Hall, 1976. 4. Ahmed, Dr. Md. Hafiz.The Gems in Management â €“ For Achieving Personal Greatness. Dhaka, Dhanshalik Prokashani, 2006 5. Ferrel O. , Hartline, M. Lucas, G. Luck, D. Marketing Strategy. Orlando, FL: Dryden Press, 1998. 6. â€Å"Definition of situational analysis†. Businessdictionary. com. , 2010 7. â€Å"SWOT analysis in business†. About. com. , 2010 8. â€Å"Shortage of human resources worrying tourism industry stakeholders†. The Bangladesh Monitor (Dhaka). July 1 – 15, 2010. 9. â€Å"United Airways launches flight in Dhaka – Kualalampur route†. Parjatan Bichitra (Dhaka). January, 2010. Appendix Here is the sample question that we asked the persons we met at United Airways (BD) Ltd. 1.Would you kindly share us the history of UABDL? 2. What were the main reasons of coming into this business? 3. How is your company doing financially? 4. What is the organizational structure of your company? 5. What kind of leadership style does your company follow? 6. Who are your target customers? 7. What is the current market position of UABDL? 8. What are the internal and external factors that are affecting your business? 9. Would you kindly share us the company’s strengths and opportunities? 10. Would you mind sharing the company’s weakness and threats with us? 11. What are the major objectives of your company? 12. What are the future plans of UABDL?We are really grateful to the following persons whom we met at UABDL for sharing the information with us – Wg. Cdr. (Retd. ) Dr. A T M Nazrul Islam Dr. Mohammad Hafiz Ahmed Consultant and Company Secretary Consultant Finance and Accounts United Airways (BD) Ltd. United Airways (BD) Ltd. Group Captain Khurshid Alam Director HR United Airways (BD) Ltd. Group Photo ———————– Director Procurement Director Catering Director Ground Services Director Sales & Marketing Director Admin All the members of our group with the Consultant (Finance & Accounts), Company Se cretary and Director HR (from left).

Bata Shoe in Bangladesh

Term Paper â€Å"Marketing Strategies of Retail Organizations of Bangladesh† A Study on Bata Shoe Company (Bangladesh) Limited Marketing Strategies of Retail Organization of Bangladesh A Study on Bata Shoe Company (Bangladesh) Ltd. In Bangladesh, Bata started its operation in 1962. The company is one of the largest tax–paying corporate bodies contributing Tk. 1. 2 billion (year 2009) which represents approximately 70% of tax paid by the entire footwear sector of Bangladesh. Bata is the largest retail organization in terms of their number of outlets around the country.Currently Bata Shoe Company (Bangladesh) Limited operates two manufacturing facilities – one in Tongi and the other in Dhamrai. With a production capacity of 110,000 pairs of shoes daily, the company also has a modern tannery facility with an output of 5 million square feet of leather annually. Annual shoe sales currently stand at slightly more than 30 million pairs with a turnover for the year 2009 of Tk 5 billion. Acknowledgement At the inception of preparing this term paper, I would like to express gratitude to the Almighty Allah for special blessing in completing it.There is an English proverb â€Å"Two head are better than one. † So, no one can obtain a noble objective alone. This term paper is an accumulation of many people’s endeavor. For this, I am indebted to a number of people who helped me to prepare this and for their kind advice, suggestions, directions, and cooperation and proper guidelines for this. Our heartfelt thanks go to Dr. Md. Morshed Hasan Khan, Associate Professor, for providing us the opportunity and for his appropriate suggestions, moral support and invaluable co-operation from time to time in completing the term paper especially in the last one week.Executive summary Bata started its journey in Bangladesh in 1962. So Bata Shoe Company (Bangladesh) Ltd. is operating in our country from last 50 years. Bata is the largest shoe manufacturing and marketing company in Bangladesh. In 2011, it sells 8. 5 billion pairs of shoes with annual turnover of Tk. 5 billion. Bata Shoe Company (Bangladesh) Ltd. has strived towards one goal – customer satisfaction. With the vision of building a worldwide family of satisfied customers and dedicated workers the legacy of Tomas Bata continues strong and unabated to this day – the tradition is safe.As the largest shoe manufacturing and marketing company in Bangladesh, Bata follows several individual and coordinated strategies in marketing, pricing, in distribution, inventory that helps them to be the leader in the market and to increase sales and growth. Most important strategies are discussed in this term paper. Here their both the positive and negative sides are discussed thoroughly. Bata is performing CSR activities in many ways to be a good citizen of the country. Some recommendations are given after evaluating the overall activities of Bata Shoe Company (Bangladesh) Ltd .Table of Contents No. | Name of the contents| Page Number| 01. | Background of the Problem| 01| 02. | Objectives| 01| 03. | Methodology| 02| 04. | Limitations| 02| 05. | introduction| 03| 06. | Bata Bangladesh| 03| 07. | Company Profile| 04| 08. | Management Overview| 05| 09. | Financial Information| 06| 10. | Product Line| 07| 11. | Distribution Process of Bata Bangladesh| 09| 12. | Marketing Strategies used by Bata Bangladesh| 10| 13. | Corporate Social Responsibility| 21| 14. | Lessons learn from Bata Bangladesh| 23| 15. | Recommendations| 24| 16. | Conclusion| 24| 17. | References| 24|

Gwen Harwood Essay

Gwen Harwood’s poetry is steeped in Romantic traditions and is underpinned by humanist concerns. My personal interpretation is that Harwood’s poetry engages readers through its poetic treatment of loss and consolation as well as its exploration of universal themes about human existence and the processes of life. Harwood’s poetry validates the consoling influence of childhood experiences upon adult development evident in ‘At Mornington’ which explores one sense of loss and consolidation experienced in the cycle of life from birth to death. Harwood explores one transitory nature of life in her lyrical poem ‘The Violets’, revealing the way in which memory can illustrate past experiences that will resonate in the present offering consolation. Furthermore Harwood’s poetry is characterised by an over-arching existential quest for meaning and consolation as experienced through her exploration of love in ‘A Valediction.’ Whilst the notion that Harwood’s poetry engages readers through its poetic treatment of loss and consolation resonates with my own interpretation of her poems, readers are also engaged through Harwood’s exploration of universal truisms. A contemplation of human existence and one way in which one cycle of life is characterised by loss and consolation as a pervading theme throughout Harwood’s poetry. In ‘At Mornington’ past, present and future experiences are united through the poems fragmented structure and poetic treatment experiences of loss of naivety and consolation in order to encapsulate the cycle of life characteristic of one human experience. Furthermore, Harwood uses biblical allusions â€Å"secure in my father’s arms† to convey the universality of human existence, engaging the reader. The poem begins in the persona’s past with her childhood innocence and naivety, which is conveyed in her belief in her own invincibility. â€Å"I remember believing as a child I could walk on water.† Harwood’s use of biblical imagery evokes the idea of  Jesus walking on water and the consoling effect this had on the speaker’s childhood self, to represent her naà ¯ve, childish outlook. This water imagery becomes a sustained motif. The speaker draws on the image of the â€Å"flood† on which â€Å"memories of early childhood are born† through a contemplative tone of spiritual replenishment as she â€Å"stands among avenues of the dead,† engaging the reader through the poetic treatment of both loss and consolation. In accordance with the Romantic tradition, the speaker acknowledges the restorative capabilities of the natural elements conveyed in the image of a â€Å"pitcher of water† which becomes a metaphor for replenishment and revitalisation. As the poem shifts to the present tense, the reader is further engaged as the persona finds herself in a graveyard and coming to terms with the death and loss of a loved one. The persona comes to a peaceful acceptance of life’s transience and her own mortality as she acknowledges the inevitable passage of time â€Å"that brings us to that time of our lives where our bones wear us† offering her a sense of consolation. The poem concludes with a projection into the future, with the existential tone â€Å"no hand will save me† evoking the realisation that death and loss is one inevitable end of the cycle. Harwood’s poem ‘At Mornington’ engages readers through its poetic treatment of loss and consolation and the way in which these themes recur throughout the cycle of life. Harwood’s poems elucidate themes of memory and recollection, highlighting the way these transcend time, death and loss and eventually offer consolation. In one nostalgic poem ‘The Violets’ the speaker revisits a seminal childhood experience that affirms adult perspectives and engages the reader by identifying the importance of memories of filial love in sustaining the adult self, providing consolation. The child’s naà ¯ve question â€Å"Where has morning gone?† emphasises the power of dreams to distort time and evokes the speaker’s sense of loss. The child’s loss is countered by the memory of her parents’ unconditional love. The use of enjambment creates a sense of continuity as the violets transport the speaker back to a time when she was lovingly comforted, thus continually engaging the reader. The maternal image of the mother who â€Å"dried my tearful face† and the visual image of â€Å"stroking, golden brown hair† conveys the tenderness of this memory. Through the  recurring motif of the â€Å"violets in our loamy bed† Harwood shifts between past and present experiences of loss and consolation. Literary critic Elizabeth Lawson suggests â€Å"identifying its ability to control moment s in time by transforming consciousness of the present.’ The speaker realises that although memories are â€Å"ambiguous† and time can be â€Å"stolen†, ultimately, as is portrayed in the personification â€Å"Years cannot move the lamplit presences† of her childhood. The poem concludes with a final natural image of â€Å"the faint scent of violets drifts in the air† conveying the persona’s awareness that the memories of her parents’ love transcends the power of death. In ‘The Violets’ Harwood’s poetic treatment of loss and consolation through the motif of the violets engages the reader on an emotional level. The theme of love and its permanent, passionate nature resonates within Harwood’s poetry, engaging readers through its poetic treatment of the experiences of loss and consolation associated with love. Similar to ‘At Mornington’ which expresses one cycle of life and the acceptance of its inevitable processes, ‘A Valediction’ expresses the journey of maturation through reflection that leads the speaker from adolescent sentimentality to an appreciation of the enduring nature of love. The intertextual reference to John Donne in the poems title foreshadows the exploration and poetic treatment of the experience parting from a loved one and the emotional repercussions of this loss. The persona’s adolescent sentimentality is evoked through her ritual of seeking solace in her anthology of Donne’s poetry. The memories of her youth are metaphorically â€Å"inked in with aches from adolescence.† Harwood explores the nature of love in her representation of two significant female figures and it is from their contrasting reactions to their experiences of love that informs the persona’s more mature perception of love and loss. One the one hand, Harwood gives representation Salome, whose indifference to the grand passion of love is conveyed in the flippant tone of her comment â€Å"whether I kissed Nietzche on Monte Sacro I find I do not now remember.† On the other hand, Harwood depicts Saint Therese, a nun who dedicated her life to selfless love as conveyed in the sentimental tone of her comment â€Å"when I love it is forever.† Harwood’s juxtaposition of these women’s perspectives on love highlights the folly of both ideals and consolidates the persona’s understanding that it is  rationalism and moderation that offer the most valued appreciation of love. The persona’s direct address â€Å"dear ladies shall we meet half way between sanctity and liberation?† conveys her awareness that there should be a balance between disinterest oversentimentality. The poem concludes with an idyllic scene that encapsulates the persona’s sense of contentment and maturity beyond her emotional angst. â€Å"let me walk at sunset in the pasture feeding my geese† engages the reader through the poetic treatment of loss and consolation as it is associated with the theme of love. Modernist poet Gwen Harwood adheres to the literary conventions of the Romantics in her anthology of poems, employing poetical devices and form to give expression to the themes of loss and consolation as well as other timeless themes. Harwood continues to engage readers through her exploration of universal themes of human existence evident in ‘At Mornington’, ‘The Violets’ and ‘A Valediction.’